Chemical and Physicochemical Properties of the Lipid Extract of (Ricinodendron heudelotii) Baill. Almonds (Euphorbiaceae) from Côte d'Ivoire
Bamba Souleymane *
Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon GUEDE, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire and Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et des Substances Naturelles, UFR SFA, Université Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Gué Lieuné Alexis
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et des Substances Naturelles, UFR SFA, Université Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Ouattara Logopho Hyacinthe *
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et des Substances Naturelles, UFR SFA, Université Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire and UPR de chimie organique, Département de Mathématique-Physique-Chimie, UFR Sciences Biologiques, Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
Traoré Lanciné
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et des Substances Naturelles, UFR SFA, Université Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire and UFR des Sciences et Technologies, Université Man, Man, Côte d’Ivoire.
Katou Yapo Séverin
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et des Substances Naturelles, UFR SFA, Université Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire and Département de Sciences et Technique, UFR Sciences Médicales, Université Alassane OUATTARA, 01 BPV 18 Bouaké 01, Côte d’Ivoire.
Kabran Guy Roger Mida
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et des Substances Naturelles, UFR SFA, Université Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Konan Dibi Jacques
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et des Substances Naturelles, UFR SFA, Université Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Belemlilga Bonewendé Mohamed
Laboratory of Research and Development of Phytomedicines and Medicines, Institute of Health Sciences Research, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The study focused on the valorisation of the fat extracted from the kernels of Ricinodendron heudelotii, (Baill.) a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family cultivated in Côte d'Ivoire. The extraction was performed using Soxhlet with n-hexane, followed by the determination of fatty acids and physicochemical parameters such as acid, ester, peroxide, saponification, and iodine indices, as well as calorific value and unsaponifiable matter content. The oil obtained has a pale yellow colour and a fat content of 38.70 ± 0.45%. The physicochemical analysis yielded the following results: an iodine index of 109.51 ± 0.86 g iodine/100 g oil, indicating a high level of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid (45.21%); a peroxide index of 23.33 ± 2.35 meq O2/kg oil, revealing a high level of primary oxidation and low oxidative stability; a saponification index of 187.70 ± 11.19 mg KOH/g oil, reflecting a significant content of esterified and free fatty acids; an acid index of 4.20 ± 1.14 mg KOH/g oil, within the acceptable limits for edible oils; an ester index of 183.50 ± 10.05 mg KOH/g oil; a calorific value of 40414.44 ± 427.36 kJ/kg, suggesting its potential as an energy source; and an unsaponifiable matter content of 0.72 ± 0.08%.
GC-MS analysis revealed a low content of saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid. These findings suggest that Ricinodendron heudelotii fat may have potential applications in food and as a source of energy. However, its high oxidative instability indicates that precautions must be taken when using it in food products.
Keywords: Physicochemical parameters, fatty acids, fatty matter, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Ivory Coast