Plasma Lipid Profile and Apolipoproteins in Patients with Coronary Artery Diseases and Healthy Persons, in Sana'a City, Yemen
Khater Gh. H. AL-Hamoodi
Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technololgy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049.P.R., China.
Fairouz K. AL-Showafi
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of medicine and Health Science, Sana'a University, Yemen.
Saeed M. AL-Shaibani
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of medicine and Health Science, Sana'a University, Yemen.
Mohammad M. AL-Kebsi
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of medicine and Health Science, Sana'a University, Yemen
Mubarak Ghaleb H. Al-hamodi
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan.
Tibyan Abd Almajed Altaher
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan.
Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Sudan.
Waha Ismail Yahia Abdelmula
Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
Babbiker Mohammed Taher Gorish *
Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China and Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of all disease loads and accounts for almost half of all fatalities. The early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) has drawn a lot of attention because it is anticipated that the global burden of cardiovascular disease will rise by almost 75% by 2020. They are easily oxidized, which causes an increase in affinity for arterial proteoglycans and a decrease in affinity for LDL receptors. It demonstrates significant CAD importance.
Objective: The measurement of plasma lipid profiles and apolipoproteins (ApoA-1, ApoB, and Apo B/A-1 ratio) in healthy individuals and patients suffering from coronary artery disease.
Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 90 Yemeni subjects aged 45 to 70 years were divided into three groups: Group I: 30 cases as CAD positive (CAD+). Group II: 30 cases CAD negative (CAD -). Group III: 30 healthy person was as control. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect demographic and clinical data from participants. Venous blood (10 ml) was collected from each individual and divided into two portions. The first portion was 5 ml in plain tubes, ApoA-1 and Apo B vacuum tubes for freezing at -20°C until analysis. 5ml in a plain tube for measuring fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile.
Results: ApoB and Apo B/A ratios were significantly higher in CAD+ and CAD− subjects compared to controls. In addition, ApoB and Apo B/A ratios were significantly higher in CAD+ subjects compared to CAD- subjects. (P. value =0.002). In contrast, Apo A-1 was significant in CAD+ compared to CAD- and controls, and not significantly different between CAD and controls P. value = (0.001, 0.032). Furthermore, FBS and LDL-c were significantly higher in CAD+ compared to CAD subjects (P value = 0.05). In contrast, HDL-c was significantly lower in CAD+ compared to CAD and controls, with no significant difference between CAD and controls (P value=0.038, 0.004, 0.70). However, TG was not substantially different between CAD- and controls, but it was significantly greater in CAD+ compared to controls (P. value =0.002, 0.09, 0.31). Nevertheless, there was no difference in TC between study groups (P. value = 0.08, 0.12, 0.98).
Conclusions: The degree of CAD is significantly positively correlated with WHR. More important than overall obesity, abdominal obesity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). A significant positive connection has been observed between the Apo B/Apo A ratio and CAD. One thing to think about as a CAD risk factor is Apo B.
Keywords: Apolipoprotein, LDL, Cardiovascular disease, Yemen