Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Guarea cedrata (A. Chev.) Pellegr. Leaf and Root Bark Essential Oil
Christelle Kouame *
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR-SFA, Université NANGUI ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Zana A. Ouattara
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR-SFA, Université NANGUI ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Didjour A. Kambire
Département de Mathématiques, Physique et Chimie, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Péléforo GON COULIBALY, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire.
Maelle Monteil
CSPBAT, UMR CNRS 7244. Université Sorbonne Paris Nord1 rue de Chablis, F-93000 Bobigny, France.
Janat A. Mamyrbekova
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR-SFA, Université NANGUI ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Ange Bighelli
UMR 6134 SPE, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS, Ajaccio, France.
Felix Tomi
UMR 6134 SPE, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS, Ajaccio, France.
Marc Lecouvey
CSPBAT, UMR CNRS 7244. Université Sorbonne Paris Nord1 rue de Chablis, F-93000 Bobigny, France.
Yves-Alain Bekro
Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Substances Naturelles, UFR-SFA, Université NANGUI ABROGOUA, 02 BP 801Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study aims, on the one hand, to establish the chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant potential of essential oils (EO) of Guarea cedrata leaves and root bark, and on the other hand, to determine the antimicrobial activity of the leaf EO.
Methodology: The EOs were analyzed by a combination of GC (Ir), GC-MS and 13C NMR. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oils was determined and then the antioxidant activity was also evaluated.
Results: 40 hydrocarbon (19.8%) and oxygenated (73.3%) sesquiterpenes were identified from root bark EO, representing 93.1% of the total composition, and 55 compounds were identified from leaf EO, representing 91.5% of the total composition, with 58.1% sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 32.4% oxygenated sesquiterpenes and 1.0% hydrocarbon monoterpenes. An evaluation of the antioxidant potential of these EOs revealed moderate free radical scavenging activity of G. cedrata leaf EO compared to quercetin. Leaf EO tested on bacteria and yeast showed bacteriostatic activity against bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans at a concentration of 6.3 mg/ml and bactericidal activity at a concentration of 50 mg/ml.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the chemical composition, the antiradical and biological activity of the essential oils of two organs (leaf and trunk bark) organs of G. cedrata.
Keywords: Guarea cedrata, essential oil, 13C NMR, GC-MS, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activities