Study of Staining Capability of Alcoholic and Aqueous Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract in Demonstration of Selected Fungal Moulds in Some Selected Tissue Section of Wistar Rat
S. Y. Ma’aruf
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
M. O. Mohammed
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
O. G. Avwioro
Department of Anatomy, Delta State University, Delta State, Nigeria.
A. T. Muhammad
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
R. I. Tsamiya
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
U. Abubakar *
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
I. Mohammed
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
A. Umar
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
S. M. Sani
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
H. Kabir
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
B. A. Bello
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
S. D. Abubakar
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
F. A. Dogondaji
Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
N. Okorie
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Nigeria.
S. Garba
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Jahun, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Hibiscus sabdariifa is a natural dye, generally called roselle. Most of Synthetic dye have been established to cause toxicity. The aim of this research was to determine the staining effect of different concentration of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts at various pH, duration on fungal staining.
Methods: Standard Gomori’s metenaine silver stains as control and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (alcoholic and aqueous) were used to stain a fungal (Aspergillus spp) positive lung tissue, using various concentration (5% and 10%) of the extract, with change of pH achieved by treating the extracts with ammonium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid at various duration (30 seconds and 1 hour respectively), each was used for staining Aspergillus spp in tissue section as a primary stain replacing (4% Chromic acid, sodium metabisulphite, Hexamine working silver solution and Sodium thiosulphate).
Results: All extracts after treatment were acidic, the fungi were best demonstrated with Aqueous hibiscus stains (5% untreated, 10% untreated and 5% glacial acetic acid treated) at longer duration, staining the capsule, light to dark-brown in a light-green background when compared with the alcoholic hibiscus stain. Few of the alcoholic hibiscus stains show metachromatic property. The Hibiscus stains stained better at longer duration and the change of pH was indirectly proportional to the staining ability of the hibiscus stains.
Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that hibiscus plant extract have the potential for use in the morphological identification of fungi in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section.
Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa extract, alcohol and aqueous extract, histological section, fungal staining.