Hop-derived Xanthohumol Induces HL-60 Leukemia Cells Death
M. Pacurari *
Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
H. Brown
Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
A. Rieland
School of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) affects both kids and adults, however it is more prevalent in younger population. Although APL has a favorable prognostic, patients that relapse often do not respond positively to additional chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a need to further identify ways to overcome these challenges.
Hypothesis: In this study, we examined antileukemic effects of xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid derived from hops (Humulus lupulus L), on human promyelocytic HL-60 cells.
Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were exposed to different concentrations of XN (μM) for 24 h. Cell viability, cell morphology, chromatin condensation, cPARP-1 level, and caspase-3 activation, and the expression of p21WAF1/Cip1 were analyzed.
Results: XN reduced HL-60 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. XN induced a dose-dependent morphological changes including cell shrinkage and blebbing, and significantly increased the number of cells with condensed chromatin. XN significantly increased the level of cPARP-1, active caspase-3, and the expression of p21WAF/CIP mRNA.
Conclusion: These data indicate that XN induces HL-60 cell death by regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis. This study suggests that XN may have antileukemic preventive effects.
Keywords: Acute promyelocytic leukemia, apoptosis, caspase-3, p21, xanthohumol, plant derived, HL-60 cells.