Possible Biochemical Abnormalities of Plasma Lipids and Apo-lipoprotein in Diabetes mellitus Patients with or without Retinopathy In Saki- West Local Government Area of Oyo State- Nigeria
Mathew Folaranmi Olaniyan *
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria
Olayiwola Akanji Popoola
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria
Oluwabusayo Priscilla Olasupo
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria
Temitayo Afolabi
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria
Shedrack Gbenga Olayinka
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Study Background: Possible metabolic disorders of lipid, carbohydrate and protein are associated with Diabetes mellitus which may include complications such as retinopathy considering the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease.
Aims and Objectives: This work was designed to determine apolipoproteins (ApoA, ApoB), Total cholesterol (TC), Total Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Very Low-density Lipoprotein (VLDL), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) in Diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: 261 subjects were recruited for this study from the Medical outpatient and ophthalmology clinic of Baptist Medical Center Saki-Nigeria. The subjects were classified into; Non- Diabetes mellitus without retinopathy Control subjects (n=100: Female-50; Male-50), Diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy (n=100: Female-50; Male-50) and Diabetes mellitus with retinopathy (n=61: Female-22; Male-39) aged 50 to 76 years. The Body mass index (BMI) of the subjects ranged between 18.2 – 19.6 Kg/m2. Plasma Total cholesterol (TC), Total Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Very Low density Lipoprotein (VLDL), High-density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) were determined biochemically using chemistry auto-analyser – COBAS C111 while ELISA technique determined apolipoproteins (ApoA, ApoB).
Results: The result obtained showed a significantly higher mean plasma value of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL, TG and Apo B/Apo A1 in a patient with Diabetes mellitus without Retinopathy than the control non-diabetic subjects without retinopathy with p<0.05. There was a significantly higher plasma value of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL, TG Apo B and Apo B/Apo A1and a significantly lower plasma value of Apo A1 in patients with Diabetes mellitus and Retinopathy when compared to the control non-diabetic subjects without retinopathy with p<0.05. There was also a significantly higher mean plasma value of Fasting Plasma Glucose, LDL-C, TG, Total cholesterol, and Apo B/Apo A1 in Diabetes mellitus patients with Retinopathy than the Diabetes mellitus without Retinopathy with p<0.05.
Conclusion: This work has been used to reveal a significant association between increased plasma Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL, ApoB and ApoB/ApoA ratio and decreased plasma ApoA in Diabetes mellitus patients with or without retinopathy which was found to be more intense in those patients with retinopathy.
Keywords: Retinopathy, lipid metabolic disorders, Diabetes mellitus