Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology of Ficus carica
Abdelhakim Bouyahya *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry-Immunology Laboratory, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Mariem Bensaid
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Applied Biology and Pathology Laboratory, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
Youssef Bakri
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry-Immunology Laboratory, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Nadia Dakka
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Applied Biology and Pathology Laboratory, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) is a plant of great importance in the traditional Arab medicine thanks to its therapeutic properties. This work was carried out in order to contribute to the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this medicinal species. We describe phytochemical compounds and ethnopharmacological properties of F. carica, species that has been used in traditional medicine for many decades. Possible trends and perspectives for future research of this plant are discussed, as well. F. carica has been found to contain several chemical constituents, mostly polyphenols and flavonoids. With its bioactive compounds, F. carica possesses a wild range of biological activities. In traditional medicine, It was reported that F. carica was applied mainly as the remedy for ulcers, indigestion and diarrhea. Some published studies have shown a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, as well as anti-inflammatory activities. This paper reviews the main medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to summarize its therapeutic potential and to shed light on gaps necessitating for prospected research works.
Keywords: Ficus carica, traditional medicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological