An Ethnonutritional Study of Traditional Galactagogues Used Postpartum by Women in Tabligbo, Southern Togo
Mlatovi DEGBE *
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry/Nutrition, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01BP 1515 Lome, Togo.
Afua Massan Enyae Mamy Epse LAWSON-DRACKEY EKLOU
Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Technology, Higher School of Biological and Food Techniques, University of Lomé, Togo.
Efui Holali GBEKLEY
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry/Nutrition, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01BP 1515 Lome, Togo.
Boé Berthine TOUBATE
ISP, François Rabelais University of Tours, INRAE, 37200 Tours, France.
Akouvi Wotsa Mawuli AKAKPO
Physiology-Pharmacology Laboratory, Physiopathology Bioactive Substances and Safety Research Unit, University of Lome, 01BP: 1515, Lome, Togo.
Mamatchi MELILA
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry/Nutrition, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01BP 1515 Lome, Togo.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Breastfeeding is fundamental to maternal and infant health; however, many women experience perceived insufficient milk supply (PIMS). In response, the use of traditional galactagogue foods and plants is a widespread practice, particularly in Tabligbo, Southern Togo. Yet, this practice remains poorly documented in scientific literature. This study, therefore, aimed to conduct an ethnobotanical survey to catalogue this indigenous knowledge, identify the substances used and their methods of administration. The importance of this study stems from the growing trend of mothers utilizing these alleged lactogenic plants. Consequently, it is imperative for us as scientists to scientifically substantiate or disconfirm these practices This would establish a foundation for future scientific validation through in vitro studies and animal models
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the city of Tabligbo from January 2023 to April 2024. A sample of 350 mothers with breastfeeding experience was recruited using the non-probability snowball sampling method. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews guided by a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, breastfeeding history, and the use of galactagogues.
Results: A high proportion of the mothers surveyed (71.4%) reported experiencing a decrease in lactation, primarily within the initial postpartum weeks. The vast majority (98.3%) were aware of and utilized traditional remedies, with a total of 18 different substances being recorded. The most frequently cited galactagogues were sorghum or millet porridge (93.3%), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea, 84.0%), leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (45.1%), sesame (Sesamum indicum, 35.2%), and leaves of Moringa oleifera (22.28%). The preparation methods, dosages, and perceived effects were documented for each substance.
Conclusion: The reliance on traditional galactagogues is a deeply rooted sociocultural practice in Tabligbo, constituting a first-line response to perceived lactation insufficiency. This study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive phytochemical, toxicological, and clinical research to validate the efficacy and safety of the most promising remedies, particularly Moringa oleifera. Such an evidence-based approach would enable the integration of validated, safe, and beneficial practices into public health programs to effectively promote and support breastfeeding.
Keywords: Galactagogues, breastfeeding, Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, Tabligbo